274 research outputs found
Azimuthal distribution of exponential format for particle collective motions in heavy-ion collisions under asynchronous assumption
Particle azimuth distributions are widely studied in heavy-ion collisions.
They are often expanded in Fourier series to extract anisotropic flow harmonics
simultaneously. It was recently proposed that the different orders of flows
could happen asynchronously or noninterdependently. This study extends this
idea to an exponential format of the azimuth distribution, which makes it
straightforward to extract the asynchronous flow coefficients. We compare these
new coefficients to the conventional ones, and find consistency in the leading
coefficient and discrepancy in higher-order ones.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Learning Multi-Object Positional Relationships via Emergent Communication
The study of emergent communication has been dedicated to interactive
artificial intelligence. While existing work focuses on communication about
single objects or complex image scenes, we argue that communicating
relationships between multiple objects is important in more realistic tasks,
but understudied. In this paper, we try to fill this gap and focus on emergent
communication about positional relationships between two objects. We train
agents in the referential game where observations contain two objects, and find
that generalization is the major problem when the positional relationship is
involved. The key factor affecting the generalization ability of the emergent
language is the input variation between Speaker and Listener, which is realized
by a random image generator in our work. Further, we find that the learned
language can generalize well in a new multi-step MDP task where the positional
relationship describes the goal, and performs better than raw-pixel images as
well as pre-trained image features, verifying the strong generalization ability
of discrete sequences. We also show that language transfer from the referential
game performs better in the new task than learning language directly in this
task, implying the potential benefits of pre-training in referential games. All
in all, our experiments demonstrate the viability and merit of having agents
learn to communicate positional relationships between multiple objects through
emergent communication.Comment: 15 page
An Integrated Enhancement Solution for 24-hour Colorful Imaging
The current industry practice for 24-hour outdoor imaging is to use a silicon
camera supplemented with near-infrared (NIR) illumination. This will result in
color images with poor contrast at daytime and absence of chrominance at
nighttime. For this dilemma, all existing solutions try to capture RGB and NIR
images separately. However, they need additional hardware support and suffer
from various drawbacks, including short service life, high price, specific
usage scenario, etc. In this paper, we propose a novel and integrated
enhancement solution that produces clear color images, whether at abundant
sunlight daytime or extremely low-light nighttime. Our key idea is to separate
the VIS and NIR information from mixed signals, and enhance the VIS signal
adaptively with the NIR signal as assistance. To this end, we build an optical
system to collect a new VIS-NIR-MIX dataset and present a physically meaningful
image processing algorithm based on CNN. Extensive experiments show outstanding
results, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution.Comment: AAAI 2020 (Oral
LLaMA Rider: Spurring Large Language Models to Explore the Open World
Recently, various studies have leveraged Large Language Models (LLMs) to help
decision-making and planning in environments, and try to align the LLMs'
knowledge with the world conditions. Nonetheless, the capacity of LLMs to
continuously acquire environmental knowledge and adapt in an open world remains
uncertain. In this paper, we propose an approach to spur LLMs to explore the
open world, gather experiences, and learn to improve their task-solving
capabilities. In this approach, a multi-round feedback-revision mechanism is
utilized to encourage LLMs to actively select appropriate revision actions
guided by feedback information from the environment. This facilitates
exploration and enhances the model's performance. Besides, we integrate
sub-task relabeling to assist LLMs in maintaining consistency in sub-task
planning and help the model learn the combinatorial nature between tasks,
enabling it to complete a wider range of tasks through training based on the
acquired exploration experiences. By evaluation in Minecraft, an open-ended
sandbox world, we demonstrate that our approach LLaMA-Rider enhances the
efficiency of the LLM in exploring the environment, and effectively improves
the LLM's ability to accomplish more tasks through fine-tuning with merely 1.3k
instances of collected data, showing minimal training costs compared to the
baseline using reinforcement learning.Comment: 18 page
Increased expression and local accumulation of the Prion Protein, Alzheimer Aβ peptides, superoxide dismutase 1, and Nitric oxide synthases 1 & 2 in muscle in a rabbit model of diabetes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Muscle disease associated with different etiologies has been shown to produce localized accumulations of amyloid and oxidative stress-related proteins that are more commonly associated with neurodegeneration in the brain. In this study we examined changes in muscle tissue in a classic model of diabetes and hyperglycemia in rabbits to determine if similar dysregulation of Alzheimer Aβ peptides, the prion protein (PrP), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), as well as nitric oxide synthases is produced in muscle in diabetic animals. This wild-type rabbit model includes systemic physiological expression of human-like Alzheimer precursor proteins and Aβ peptides that are considered key in Alzheimer protein studies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Diabetes was produced in rabbits by injection of the toxic glucose analogue alloxan, which selectively enters pancreatic beta cells and irreversibly decreases insulin production, similar to streptozotocin. Quadriceps muscle from rabbits 16 wks after onset of diabetes and hyperglycemia were analyzed with biochemical and <it>in situ </it>methods. Immunoblots of whole muscle protein samples demonstrated increased PrP, SOD1, as well as neuronal and inducible Nitric oxide synthases (NOS1 and NOS2) in diabetic muscle. In contrast, we detected little change in Alzheimer Aβ precursor protein expression, or BACE1 and Presenilin 1 levels. However, Aβ peptides measured by ELISA increased several fold in diabetic muscle, suggesting a key role for Aβ cleavage in muscle similar to Alzheimer neurodegeneration in this diabetes model. Histological changes in diabetic muscle included localized accumulations of PrP, Aβ, NOS1 and 2, and SOD1, and evidence of increased central nuclei and cell infiltration.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study provides evidence that several classic amyloid and oxidative stress-related disease proteins coordinately increase in overall expression and form localized accumulations in diabetic muscle. The present study highlights the capacity of this wild-type animal model to produce an array of hallmark pathological features that have also been described in other muscle diseases.</p
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